Electric bike-sharing services mode substitution for driving, public transit, and cycling

In hopes of reducing traffic congestion, air and noise pollution, energy consumption, bike sharing is becoming increasingly popular around the world. Underlying many benefits attributed to an assumption that share journeys replace a significant proportion trips previously made by car. This paper examines factors correlated with use electric bike-sharing system in Tricity, Poland. We double hurdle estimation approach on data from two matched surveys: before after implementation system. Our analyses indicate rides did not act as substitute for car trips. Shared e-bikes were used residents public transportation or first/last mile transport to/from stops. examined various types identified encouraging discouraging people usage cycling general.